Hip dysplasia, a condition that affects many people and causes discomfort and mobility issues, is more common than you might think. Whether you or a loved one has been diagnosed with hip dysplasia, understanding this condition is the first step toward effective management and treatment.

Here are essential facts you need to know about hip dysplasia, connecting you to a larger community of individuals dealing with the same condition.

What is Hip Dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where the hip socket doesn't fully cover the ball portion of the upper thighbone. This misalignment can lead to joint instability, causing the hip to dislocate easily.

Causes of Hip Dysplasia

Several factors can contribute to the development of hip dysplasia:

• Genetics: A family history of hip dysplasia increases the risk.
• Breech births: Babies born in a breech position are more likely to develop hip dysplasia.
• Gender: It is more common in females than males.
• Swaddling practices: Tight swaddling can affect hip development in infants.

Symptoms of Hip Dysplasia

• In infants: Asymmetrical leg positions, clicking sounds when moving the hip, or reduced movement.
• In adolescents and adults: Hip pain, limping, or a sensation of hip instability.

Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia

Diagnosing hip dysplasia involves a combination of medical history, physical exams and diagnostic tests:

• Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI and ultrasound to visualize the hip joint. 
• Physical examination: Summit Health doctors will check for hip instability and limited range of motion.

Treatment Options for Hip Dysplasia

Treatment for hip dysplasia varies based on the severity and age of the patient. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes. Here are some standard treatment options:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Bracing: In infants, a Pavlik harness can help maintain the hip in the correct position.
• Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the hip and improve joint stability.

Surgical Treatments

• Closed reduction: A procedure to reposition the hip joint without an incision.
• Open reduction: Surgery to realign the hip joint through an incision. 
• Pelvic osteotomy: Reshaping the hip socket to better cover the ball portion of the joint.
• Hip replacement: In severe cases or older adults, a total hip replacement may be necessary.

Preventing Hip Dysplasia

While some risk factors for hip dysplasia, such as genetics, cannot be controlled, there are preventive measures that can reduce the risk:

• Proper swaddling techniques: Allowing space for the legs to move and stay in a natural position can help prevent hip dysplasia by promoting healthy hip development. It's important to avoid tight swaddling that forces the legs into a straight position or wraps them tightly together. 
• Regular check-ups: Early detection through routine pediatric screenings, which should include a thorough examination of the baby's hips and a discussion about any family history of hip dysplasia. If there are any concerns, further evaluation by a Summit Health specialist may be recommended.
• Use loose carriers: To help with better mobility in the thighs and allow the hips to spread naturally.

Why Do Women Have More Hip Problems Than Men?

Women are more prone to hip problems, including hip dysplasia, due to several factors:

• Hormonal differences: Hormones like relaxin increase during pregnancy and can affect ligament stability around the hip joints.
• Anatomical differences: Women generally have wider pelvises, which can place more stress on the hip joints.
• Childbirth: The process of childbirth can lead to hip issues, especially in cases of difficult deliveries.
• Osteoporosis: Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis, which can lead to hip fractures and other problems.

Can Hip Dysplasia Go Away on Its Own?

In mild cases, hip dysplasia in infants can improve with time and proper bracing. However, without treatment, it may lead to arthritis and other complications in adulthood.

Is Hip Dysplasia Painful?

Hip dysplasia can be painful, especially if it leads to arthritis or joint instability. Early treatment can help alleviate pain and improve joint function.

How is Hip Dysplasia Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests like X-rays or ultrasounds and assessing family history and symptoms.

Conclusion

Understanding hip dysplasia, from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and prevention, is crucial for maintaining hip health. At Summit Health, our team of experienced healthcare professionals, including orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians and physical therapists, work together to offer comprehensive care for hip dysplasia. We provide personalized treatment plans to improve mobility and quality of life.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, visit our Physical Therapy Department. Let’s work together towards better hip health and overall well-being.