Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in your kidneys, but the pain they cause can feel anything but small. These stones, made from minerals and salts, often go unnoticed until they start moving through your urinary tract. For many, the symptoms can be sudden and overwhelming, from sharp pain to discomfort while urinating. 

But how can you tell if you’re dealing with kidney stones? Understanding the signs is key to getting the proper treatment and finding relief. Whether it’s a dull ache in your back or a sudden, sharp pain that stops you in your tracks, kidney stones can present in various ways.

 
Let’s explore the symptoms, what they mean, and when you should seek medical attention. Taking quick action could save you from prolonged discomfort and prevent complications down the road.

The Symptoms of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones often start small but can cause significant discomfort as they move through your urinary tract. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the stone, but the most common sign is sharp, intense pain. 

This pain, often referred to as renal colic, can come in waves and may shift as the stone moves.

Here are some common symptoms of kidney stones:

• Severe pain: This is usually felt in the back, side, or lower abdomen. The pain may radiate toward the groin as the stone moves closer to the bladder.
• Painful urination: A burning or stinging sensation while urinating can indicate the stone is closer to passing.
• Frequent urination: Feeling like you need to urinate often or urgently, even if you’re not producing much urine.
• Blood in urine: Your urine may appear pink, red, or brown, a sign of irritation or injury caused by the stone.
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine: This can indicate an infection or buildup of waste products.
• Nausea and vomiting: The intense pain from kidney stones can sometimes upset your stomach.
• Fever and chills: These may signal an infection requiring prompt medical attention.

Common Signs and Indicators of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones can mimic other conditions, so it’s important to recognize the key signs that suggest you’re dealing with one. 

One of the telltale indicators is pain that comes and goes in waves. This happens as the stone shifts position, creating periods of intense discomfort followed by temporary relief.

Other notable indicators include:

• Changes in urine color: Blood in the urine can be a major clue that a kidney stone is present. If you notice darker-than-usual urine, it’s worth mentioning to your doctor.
• Small gravel-like particles in urine: Passing tiny stones or grit in your urine could indicate the presence of kidney stones.
• Pain that worsens with movement: Activities like bending or stretching may intensify the discomfort.
• Unexplained fatigue: Dehydration caused by kidney stones can leave you feeling unusually tired.

Recognizing these signs early can greatly affect how quickly you receive the care you need.

What is the Main Cause of Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones form when minerals and salts in your urine become concentrated and crystallize. This process often happens when your urine is too concentrated, meaning it contains less water and more waste products. Over time, these crystals can grow larger, forming stones.

Here are the primary factors that lead to kidney stone development:

• Dehydration: Not drinking enough water is one of the most common causes. When your urine becomes too concentrated, it’s easier for minerals like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid to stick together and form stones.
• Diet: A diet high in sodium, sugar, or animal protein can increase your risk. For instance:
  • Sodium: Too much salt in your diet can cause your body to excrete more calcium in your urine, which may contribute to stone formation.
  • Oxalates: Found in foods like spinach, rhubarb, and nuts, oxalates can bind with calcium in your urine and form stones.
  • Animal protein: Eating excessive amounts of red meat or shellfish can raise uric acid levels, increasing your risk of certain types of stones.
• Medical conditions: Certain conditions, such as gout, hyperparathyroidism, or urinary tract infections, can increase your risk by altering the chemical balance in your urine.
• Family history: If kidney stones run in your family, you’re more likely to develop them yourself. Genetics can influence how your body processes minerals and other compounds.
• Certain medications: Some medications, such as diuretics or calcium-based antacids, can affect urine chemistry and increase the likelihood of stone formation.

While these factors contribute to kidney stone development, the best way to reduce your risk is by staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and discussing any specific health concerns with your doctor.

When to See a Doctor for Kidney Stone Symptoms

While some small kidney stones may pass on their own, others require medical intervention. 

Knowing when to see a doctor is critical, especially if your symptoms worsen or you develop additional issues.

You should seek immediate medical attention if:

• Pain becomes unbearable: Severe, persistent pain that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter medication requires prompt evaluation.
• You’re unable to urinate: A blockage in the urinary tract can lead to serious complications if you don’t treat it quickly.
• You notice fever or chills: These can indicate an infection, which may spread if left untreated.
• There’s significant blood in your urine: While a small amount can occur with kidney stones, heavy bleeding should always be addressed by a professional.

Your doctor may recommend imaging tests, like an ultrasound or CT scan, to confirm the presence of kidney stones and determine their size and location. In some cases, procedures like shock wave therapy or surgery may be necessary to remove larger stones.

Conclusion: Expert Care for Kidney Health at Summit Health

Kidney stones can cause intense discomfort, but you don’t have to navigate the challenges alone. At Summit Health, our nephrology team specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect kidney health, including kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, and electrolyte imbalances. Whether you need help managing kidney function or expert advice for preventing kidney-related issues, our skilled nephrologists are here to guide you.

Your kidneys play a vital role in your overall health. If you suspect a kidney-related condition or have risk factors like hypertension or diabetes, contact Summit Health to schedule an appointment with our nephrology team. Early intervention is the key to better outcomes and peace of mind. 

Learn more about our kidney care services here.